関係詞
関係詞のまとめ
| 主格 | I have an uncle. He lives in Kyoto. ☞ I have an uncle who lives in Kyoto. |
| 所有格 | I have an uncle. His son lives in Kyoto.☞ I have an uncle whose son lives in Kyoto. |
| 目的格 | I have an uncle. I respect him.☞ I have an uncle (whom) I respect. |
主格
- A man who wants to see you is waiting outside.あなたに会いたい男性が外で待っています。
- This is the road which [that] leads to the city hall. これは市役所に通じる道路です。
目的格
- The train which [that] we took was very crowded. 我々が乗った電車は非常に混んでいた。
所有格
- I saw a house whose walls are red. 私は壁が赤い家を見た。
= I saw a house the walls of which are red.
thatが好まれる場合
- That was the biggest earthquake (that) I had ever experienced. あれはそれまでに経験した最大の地震だった。
- This is the last chance that will be given to you. これは君に与えられる最後のチャンスだ。
- Humans are the only animal that can use fire. 人間は火を使える唯一の動物である。
- This is the very book (that) I have long wanted. これはまさに私が長い間欲しかった本だ。
- He found fault with everything (that) I said. 彼は私が言うことにいちいちケチをつけた。
- Is there anything else that has affected your life? 他に何かあなたの人生に影響を与えたものはありますか。
- A truck hit a man and his dog that were taking a walk. トラックが散歩中の人とその飼い主をはねた。
- I spoke of the people and their customs that had interested me. 私の興味をそそった人々とその慣習について話した。
- Who that knows him can trust him? 彼を知っている者なら誰が彼を信用できるだろうか。
前置詞＋関係代名詞
- This is the house in which he lives. これは彼が住んでいる家です。
= This is the house which [that] he lives in.
= This is the house he lives in.
目的格
- The lady with whom Jane was talking is Ms. Long. ジェーンが話をしている婦人はロングさんです。
= The lady whom [who/that] Jane was talking with is Ms. Long.
= The lady Jane was talking with is Ms. Long.
- There was no material with which to build their house. 家を作るための材料がなかった。（前置詞＋関係代名詞＋to不定詞）
= There was no material to build their house with.
関係代名詞の省略
- He is not the man (that) he was ten years ago. 彼は１０年前の彼ではない。
- There’s somebody (who) wants you on the phone. あなたに電話がかかっています。
- This is one of the best works (that) there are in Japanese art. これは日本の芸術における最高傑作の一つです。
二重限定
- Is there anything (that) you want that you haven’t got? あなたが欲しい物で持っていない物が何かありますか。
- Can you mention anyone (that) we know who is as talented as George? 私の知っている人でジョージと同じくらい才能がある人の名前を挙げられますか。
- There are few books (which) I have ever read that were not useful to me. 私が今まで読んだ本で役にたたなかった本はほとんどない。
連鎖関係代名詞節
- John is a boy who I think will succeed in the future. ジョンは将来成功すると私が思っている少年だ。
- She has a daughter who she says is very naughty. 彼女には、彼女が言うにはとてもやんちゃな娘がいる。
継続用法（先行詞の追加的説明）
- He has three daughters, who have fair hair. 彼には三人の娘がいるが、みんな金髪だ。
= He has three daughters, and they have fair hair.
- I like these books, which are full of photos. 私はこれらの本が好きだ。写真がたくさん載っているから。
= I like these books, for they are full of photos.
- The skiing school had ten instructors, all of whom were excellent. そのスキー学校には10人の教官がいたが、みんな素晴らしかった。
= The skiing school had ten instructors, and all of them were excellent.
- Brown, whose wife teaches music, is himself a pianist. ブラウンさんは奥さんが音楽の先生をしているが、彼自身もピアニストだ。
- Chess, which I know nothing about, seems a very interesting game. チェスは、私はそれについて何も知らないが、とても面白いゲームのようだ。
- I tried to break the door open, which I found impossible. 私はドアをこじ開けようとしたが、それは不可能だと分かった。
- He said that he won a lottery, which was a joke. 彼は宝くじが当たったと言ったが、それは冗談だった。
- My neighbor had his radio on loud, which made it difficult to concentrate. 近所の人がラジオを大きな音で鳴らしていたが、そのため集中するのが難しかった。
- He may not join us, in which case we should find another. 彼は参加しないかもしれないが、その場合は別の人を探さなければならない。
複合関係代名詞（先行詞を含む）
- What he said is not true. 彼が言ったことは真実ではない。
=The thing which he said is not true.
- The result was what I had expected. 結果は私が予想していた通りだった。
= The result was that which I had expected.
- Do what you like. 何でも好きなことをしなさい。
= Do anything that you like.
- I gave him what little money I had. 私は僅かながら所持金を全部彼にあげた。（関係形容詞）
= I gave him all the little money I had.
- I’ll give you what help I can. できる限りあなたの力になります。（関係形容詞）
= I’ll give you any help (that) I can.
慣用表現
- She is what is called [what they call/what we call] the elite. 彼女はいわゆるエリートだ。
- She’s clever, and what’s better [more], warmhearted. 彼女は頭がよくてさらに心が暖かい。
- He lost his money, and what was worse, his health. 彼はお金を失い、さらに悪いことに健康まで損なった。
- I owe what I am to him. 私が今日あるのは彼のお蔭です。
- He is not what he used to be. 現在の彼は昔の彼ではない。
= He is not the man that he used to be.
- Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. 読書と精神の関係は食べ物と肉体の関係に等しい。
- What with overwork and (what with) very little sleep, he fell ill. 過労やら睡眠不足で彼は病気になった。
疑似関係代名詞
asの限定用法
- Read only such books as will help you. あなたの役に立つような本だけを読みなさい。
- I got the same mobile phone as he has. 私は彼が持っているのと同じ携帯電話を買った。
- As many people as came were welcome. 来た人はみんな歓迎された。
- This is as much as I could find out. 私が知り得たことはこれだけです。
asの継続用法
- He was an Australian, as I noticed from his accent. 訛りから気づいたのだが、彼はオーストラリア人だった。
- As is usual with her, she did not come on time. いつものことだが、彼女は時間通りに来なかった。
- As is often the case with youngsters, he easily gets excited. 若者にはよくあることだが、彼はすぐに興奮する。
- He spends more money than he earns. 彼は稼ぐ以上にお金を使う。
- There came more people than had been expected. 予想されていたより多くの人が来た。
- His rudeness was more than I could bear. 彼の無礼は私にはとうてい耐えられないものだった。
- There is no rule but has exceptions. 例外のない規則はない。
= There is no rule that does not have exceptions.
= There is no rule without exceptions.
関係副詞（限定用法）
- I remember the place where I first met you. 私は初めて会った場所を覚えている。
= I remember the place at which I first met you.
- That’s the house where we used to live. あそこが我々が以前住んでいた家だ。
= That’s the house in which we used to live.
- This is the point where you are mistaken. ここが君が間違っている点だ。
= This is the point at which you are mistaken.
- There are some cases where you need permission. 許可を必要とする場合がある。
= There are some cases in which you need permission.
- Let me know the time when he will arrive. 彼が到着する時刻を知らせてください。
= Let me know the time at which he will arrive.
- The day will surely come when your dream will come true. あなたの夢が叶う日がきっと来るだろう。
- There is no reason why I should be blamed. 私が非難される理由はまったくない。
= There is no reason for which I should be blamed.
- This is how I trained my dog. このようにして私は犬をしつけた。
= This is the way (in which) I trained my dog.
- The day (that=when) she returned was Saturday, not Sunday. 彼女が帰って来たのは日曜ではなく土曜だった。
- I can’t understand the reason (that=why) he got angry with me. 彼が私に腹を立てた理由が分からない。
- This is the place (that=where) I’ve wanted to bring you. ここが君を連れてきたかった場所だ。
先行詞がない場合
- Now is when we must begin to act. 今こそ我々が行動を起こす時だ。
= Now is the time when we must begin to act.
- My house is very far from where I work. 私の家は職場からずいぶん離れている。
= My house is very far from the place where I work.
- That’s why I can’t get along with him. そういうわけで彼とはうまくやっていけない。
= That’s the reason why I can’t get along with him.
- Put the book back where you found it. その本をもとのところに返しなさい。
= Put the book back to the place where you found it.
関係副詞（継続用法）
- I stayed there till Sunday, when I left for Rome. 私はそこに日曜日まで滞在し、それからローマへ出発した。
= I stayed there till Sunday, and then I left for Rome.
- Jim went to the drugstore, where he met Chris. ジムは薬局に行き、そこでクリスに会った。
= Jim went to the drugstore, and there he met Chris.
- The field, where I used to play, is full of houses now. その原っぱは、昔よく遊んだものだが、今では住宅が立ち並んでいる。
複合関係代名詞・副詞（先行詞を含む）
名詞節を導く場合
- You may invite whoever wants to come. 来たいでも招待してもよい。
= You may invite anyone who wants to come.
- Whoever comes late cannot be admitted. 遅刻してくる者は誰も入れない。
- I promise a reward to whoever finds my missing dog. 迷子の犬を見つけてくれた人には誰にでもお礼を約束します。
- You may take whichever pleases you most. どれでも一番気に入った物を取ってもよい。
= You may take any one that pleases you most.
- Whatever she cooks tastes sweet. 彼女が料理する物は何でもおいしい。
= Anything that she cooks tastes sweet.
- You may take whichever course you like. どれでも好きな講座を取ってもよい。
= You may take any [either] course that you like.
- He offered whatever help he could give. 彼は自分にできる援助は何でもすると言った。
= He offered any help that he could give.
時・場所を表す副詞節を導く場合
- Come and see me whenever it suits you. いつでもあなたの都合のよい時に遊びにきなさい。
= Come and see me at any time when it suits you.
- The dog follows me wherever I go. その犬は私の行くところはどこへでもついて来る。
= The dog follows me to any place where I go.
譲歩を表す副詞節を導く場合
- We should help them whoever [no matter who] they may be.
- Stay calm whatever [no matter what] happens.
- Whichever [No matter which] you choose, there is little difference.
- Whatever [No matter what] results follow, I will do my best.
- Wherever you go, you’ll find signs of spring. どこへ行っても春の兆しが見えるでしょう。
= No matter where you go, you’ll find signs of spring.
- However humble it is, there is no place like home. どんなに粗末でも我が家ほどよいところはない。
= No matter how humble it is, there is no place like home.
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